indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
soldier; combatant; warrior
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
yearning; longing; aspiration; adoration; admiration
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
meaning; significance; sense
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
(another's) daughter; young lady (of pampered upbringing); woman who has never known hardship; naive woman
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
first-person plural (or singular); second or third person plural (implies speaker is of higher status than those referred to)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
what did you just say (to me)?; what's that?
such a stupid ...; what a crazy ...; no way!; what nonsense!; how can that be?
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
to collect; to gather; to save; to accumulate; to pile up
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to wish someone good luck; to wish someone success
adds force or indicates command
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
something; something or other; so-and-so; somehow; anyhow; one way or another
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
at the most; at best; to the utmost; as much as possible; as much as one can
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
first match (in a series)
being defeated; being eliminated (from competition)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)