he; she; this; this one; Hey, you!; You bastard!
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
dog (Canis (lupus) familiaris); squealer; rat; loser; asshole; counterfeit
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to go against; to oppose; to disobey; to defy
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
short, padded coat that covers someone and a baby on their back; sleeping; sleep
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
yo!; hello there!; wow!; oh!; yah! (yell)
day of month; counter for days
to fall down; to drop; to be omitted; to be missing; to decrease; to sink; to fail (e.g. exam or class)
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
hi; hello; hey; listen!; oh; come on!
holiday; day off; sleep; rest; Good night
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
pardon; forgiveness; exemption; permission
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
an issue being settled; a case being closed
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
with trouble; at great pains; rare; valuable; kind; generous
declaration; proclamation; announcement
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
deplorable; regrettable; disappointing; vexing; unfortunate
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
son (of others); boy; young master; green young man from a well-to-do family; young man innocent of the ways of the world
noisy; loud; annoying; troublesome; fussy; finicky
first of all; at once; right away; for now; for the time being
to lull (a child) to sleep; to put a person to sleep
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
(not) in any way; in no way; at all; terribly; awfully; hopelessly
thanks (for coming, helping, etc.); glad you could make it; tiredness; fatigue