to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
to shave (wood, leather, etc.); to sharpen (e.g. pencil); to cut down (budget, expenses, staff, time, etc.); to curtail; to delete; to erase
severe; strict; hard (to do); difficult; intense (e.g. cold); harsh (weather)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
tough; hard; determined; strong-minded; strong (e.g. sunlight, alcohol); severe
peremptorily; willy-nilly; forcibly
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
in that way; thus; so; so?
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to divide; to cut; to halve; to break; to crack; to dilute; to fall below
to cut; to cut through; to sever (connections, ties); to turn off (e.g. the light); to terminate (e.g. a conversation); to hang up (the phone); to punch (a ticket)
with trouble; at great pains; rare; valuable; kind; generous
to adhere to; to stick to; to keep close to; to go along with; to get involved with; to be thick with
to part (usu. of people); to part from; to separate (of a couple); to break up; to lose (e.g. one's mother); to be bereaved
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to pay (e.g. money, bill); to brush off; to wipe away; to drive away (e.g. one's competitors); to sell off (something unneeded); to dispose of; to pay (e.g. attention)
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
reality; actuality; practice (as opposed to theory); truly; really; bhutakoti (limit of reality)
equation; formula; ceremony; style; (arch.) enforcement regulations (of the ritsuryo)
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
expedient; means; instrument; upaya (skillful means, methods of teaching)
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
one day; all day (long); throughout the day; first day of the month