Osaka (city); (arch.) large hill
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
resistance (movement); popular resistance against a military invasion (esp. of that by the French against the Nazis in World War II)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
finally; after; following; at the end (of)
companion; fellow; group; company; member of the same category (family, class)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
union; alliance; combination; RENGO (Japanese Trade Union Confederation)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to start (something); to start up; to boot (a computer); to launch (a business)
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
near; close; close (in time); soon; close (relationship); friendly
(arch.) indicates emphasis, intention, etc.; indicates emphasis, intention, etc.
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
care; looking after; repair; (police) raid; crackdown
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to follow; to come along with one; to accompany
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
club budget; club expense
suffix for familiar person
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
round coin with a (square) hole in the center; coin made of non-precious materials; money
now (while the time is ripe); while one still can
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
slowly; tardily; complaining; grumbling; unsettled (e.g. weather); loose
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
a long time (since the last time); first in a long time
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?