today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
major cleanup; spring cleaning
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to partition; to divide; to direct; to manage; to settle accounts; to assume a crouching posture (at the start of a bout)
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
on a routine basis; regularly; habitually
dirty; filthy; disordered; messy; indecent (language, etc.); dirty
model; type (e.g. of machine, goods, etc.); type; style; mold (mould); template; kata (standard form of a movement, posture, etc. in martial arts, sport, etc.)
suffix for familiar person
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
look!; look out!; hey!; look at me!; there you are!
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
cleaning; sweeping; dusting; scrubbing
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
circumference; girth; surroundings; neighbourhood; people surrounding oneself; surrounding circumstances
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
pretty; lovely; clean; clear; completely; entirely
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
business world; business circles; (the) industry
one by one; each; every; at intervals of
to divide (into); to split (into); to share; to distribute; to distinguish; to discriminate; to break up (a fight)
materials; data; document
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
preference; priority; precedence
in order; in turn; one by one
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
how; in what way; how about
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all