now that you mention it; come to think of it; that reminds me; on that subject; speaking of which
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
how; in what way; how about
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
negligence; carelessness; inattention; unpreparedness
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
height (of body); stature
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
chest; breast; breasts; bosom; heart; lungs; stomach
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
young lady of noble birth; princess (esp. in Western contexts, tales, etc.); girl; small; cute; (arch.) prostitute
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
by the way; incidentally; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how)
to do completely; to do accidentally; to do without meaning to; to happen to do
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to pull out; to draw out; to omit; to leave out; to do to the end; to carry through; to let out (e.g. air from a tyre)
effect; result; worth; Kai (former province located in present-day Yamanashi Prefecture)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
flute; fife; pipe; whistle
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
honorific/polite/humble prefix
two persons; two people; pair; couple
ear; hearing; edge; crust; selvedge (non-fray machined edge of fabrics); selvage
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
it is not (like that) either
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it; I mean
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so