indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
hard; solid; stiff; tight; strong; firm (not viscous or easily moved); safe
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
(not) at all; (not) in the slightest; wholly; entirely; extremely; very
soundly (sleeping); fast (asleep)
to sleep; to die; to rest (in peace); to lie idle (e.g. of resources); to lie unused; (arch.) to close one's eyes
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
Eh?; What?; Come on!; Damn!
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
how much; something over; and something; however (much); no matter how
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to pay (e.g. money, bill); to brush off; to wipe away; to drive away (e.g. one's competitors); to sell off (something unneeded); to dispose of; to pay (e.g. attention)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
settlement; solution; resolution
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
commodity; article of commerce; goods; stock; merchandise
how; in what way; how about; questionable
what the hell; oh, great!; son of a gun; holy mackerel; oh no!; holy cow!
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
water (esp. cool, fresh water, e.g. drinking water); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
lightly (floating, drifting, etc.); buoyantly; soft; fluffy; unsteadily; flightily
pleasant; agreeable; comfortable
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
lack of sleep; insufficient sleep
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then