indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
orders; instructions; directive; command
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
standing by; awaiting an opportunity; being on alert
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to hurry; to rush; to hasten; to make something happen sooner
taking refuge; finding shelter; evacuation; escape; seeking safe haven
ship; boat; tank; tub; counter for boat-shaped containers (e.g. of sashimi)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
article; goods; fine thing; fellow; (arch.) prostitute; (arch.) price
destructive blast; blowing up; explosion
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
wound; injury; chip; crack; flaw; defect
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
to be attached; to be connected with; to remain imprinted; to scar; to bear (fruit, interest, etc.); to be acquired (of a habit, ability, etc.); to increase (of strength, etc.)
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
creepy (feeling); uneasy (feeling); bad (feeling); giving one the creeps; hideous; scaring
stone; jewel; precious stone; flint (in a lighter); stone (in go); stone (in the bladder, kidney etc.); calculus
he; she; this; this one; Hey, you!; You bastard!
around the world; throughout the world
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
being dotted with; being scattered
particle used to indicate the speaker's hope, desire, wish, etc. (e.g. "it would be nice if ...", "I wish there were ...", etc.); emphatic particle; particle adding uncertainty
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
capital crime; crime resulting in a death penalty
to seize; to catch; to obtain; to acquire; to understand; to grasp
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
in order; sequential; seriatim
in accordance with; following; roughly; about; Street; Avenue
to cease; to stop; to be over
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
indeed; really; absolutely; truly; actually; very
deplorable; regrettable; disappointing; vexing; unfortunate
result; consequence; coming to fruition; bearing fruit; as a result; consequently
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
law; act; method; mood; dharma; law