route; course; path; one's future course (e.g. after graduating high school)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
stability; steadiness; equilibrium
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
group; crowd; flock; herd; bevy; school
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
considerably; greatly; a lot
to be separated; to be apart; to leave; to go away; to leave (a job, etc.); to quit
seeming to be; appearing to be; like; similar to; in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that
(just) making sure; just to be sure; just in case; for caution's sake
sense; idea; desire; concern; attention; care
power; authority; might; influence; dignity; majesty
fidelity; honour; honor; chastity (of a woman); faithfulness (e.g. to one's husband)
person; -er; (arch.) expert; (arch.) geisha; (arch.) prostitute
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
surroundings; environs; circumference
vigilance; caution; alertness; precaution; being on guard
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
certain; sure; doubtless; I have no doubt; You can depend on it; It's a safe bet
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
abrupt; sudden; unexpected
to come alive; to get going; to start to move
engine; agency; organisation; system; facility
department (in an organization); division; club; part; component; category
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
indication; sign; hint; tone (of the market)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
influence; effect; to influence; to affect; to have an influence on
to be lost (e.g. luggage); to be missing; to be used up; to be run out; to disappear (e.g. pain); to be lost (e.g. a dream, confidence)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!