honorific/polite/humble prefix
old person; elderly person; trustee of the Japan Sumo Association; retired high-ranking wrestler who is licensed to coach and receives retirement pay; senior statesman (of the Tokugawa shogunate); important local official (under the Tokugawa Shogunate)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
imitating; copying; mimicry; behavior; behaviour; action
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
important; essential; significant; major; key; principal
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
to run away; to flee; to avoid (a question, responsibility, etc.); to evade; to win without being overtaken; to hold off the other contenders (until the finish)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be troubled; to have difficulty; to be bothered; to be inconvenienced; to be badly off; to be hard up
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
backdoor; rear entrance; rear exit; unauthorized; illicit; illegal
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
almost; nearly; hardly; barely; large majority; large proportion
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well ...; I think ...
to feel like it; to get to think that way; to become so minded
that sort of; that kind of; like that; such; so
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
simple; easy; uncomplicated; brief; quick; light
breaking through; breakthrough; surmounting (a difficulty); overcoming; exceeding; passing
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
child or doll used as a vessel for a spirit invoked by a shaman or miko
well, ...; right, ...; so; then; that way (would mean ...); if that is the case
two persons; two people; pair; couple
first floor; ground floor; one floor; one storey; one rank
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
gun; firearm; small arms (e.g. rifle, pistol, etc)
way to shoot (a gun); way to fire; firing; shooting
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
probably; likely; perhaps; a lot of; much; many