indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
understood; I see; OK; present; here
yo!; hello there!; wow!; oh!; yah! (yell)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
time; hour; period; class
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
tea (usu. green); tea break (at work); tea ceremony
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
how about ...?; I wonder; I don't know
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
circumference; outskirts; environs; (computer) peripheral
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to discuss; to talk together
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
that; the matter in question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
to hurry; to rush; to hasten; to make something happen sooner
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
attendance; presence; appearance
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
meeting; assembly; association; conjunction
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
well then ...; in that situation; in which case
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
two persons; two people; pair; couple