indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
tough guy; wild one; fearless fighter
first-person plural (or singular); second or third person plural (implies speaker is of higher status than those referred to)
to gather; to collect; to assemble
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
skillful; skilful; delicious; appetizing; fortunate; splendid
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
detailed; full; minute; knowing very well; knowledgeable (about); well-acquainted (with)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to board; to embark on; to get into (a car); to march into; to enter
arrest; apprehension; capture
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
spirit; mind; nature; disposition; motivation; intention
he; she; that person; that; that one; that thing
well done!; nice try!; well fought!
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
growth; development; growing up; growth (of a company, the economy, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
height (of body); stature
to stretch; to extend; to straighten out; to be flattened; to spread (of paint, cream, etc.); to stretch out (e.g. of a hand); to extend
only; merely; but; no more than
fifth day of the month; five days
to collect; to gather; to save; to accumulate; to pile up
trouble; bother; annoyance
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
anyhow; in any case; at any rate; at best; at most
even if; even though; however; no matter how
individual item (i.e. not part of a set); single article; single item out of a set; one item from a set
to be helpful; to be useful
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
standing on tiptoe and stretching one's back to make oneself taller; stretching oneself; overreaching oneself; overstretching oneself; trying to do something beyond one's ability
noisy; loud; annoying; troublesome; fussy; finicky