chief advisor to the Emperor (adviser)
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
Kyūshū (southernmost of the four main islands of Japan)
than; rather than; instead of; from; out of; except
returning (home) to Tokyo; returning to the capital
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
grey wall covering material (gray)
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
residence; estate; grounds; premises; mansion
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
southern barbarians (name used in ancient China for non-Chinese ethnic groups to the south); South-East Asian countries (in the late-Muromachi and Edo periods); Western Europe (esp. Spain and Portugal and their South-East Asian colonies; late-Muromachi and Edo periods); foreign (of goods from South-East Asia and Western Europe); exotic (esp. in a Western European or South-East Asian style); chili pepper; nanban
hobby; pastime; tastes; preference; liking
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
spirit; mind; nature; disposition; intention; mind; mood
to harm; to hurt; to injure; to miss one's chance to (do something); to fail to (do what one ought to have done)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
already; previously; before; undeniably; unmistakably
prohibition of a religion; prohibited religion
command; order; dictation; nth year in the Reiwa era (May 1, 2019-)
proclamation; promulgation
to be (animate); to be; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed; to (have the audacity to) do
early; a little earlier than usual; a little faster than usual; slightly quicker
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to repair; to mend; to change; to alter; to put back; to put away; to cure
it's better to; it's best to; it's safest to; you can't go wrong with; it doesn't hurt (to be young, beautiful, have money, etc.)
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
honorific/polite/humble prefix
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
now; the present time; just now; another; more
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
carefully; thoroughly; fully; deliberately
to receive; to take; to get someone to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
gold (Au); golden; prosperous; money (esp. ōban coin); cash
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
this world; this life; world of the living