if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
victory or defeat; match; contest; game
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
henchman; follower; (arch.) adopted child
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
waste of time; killing time
to discover; to find (e.g. an error in a book); to locate; to find (e.g. something missing); to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
adds force or indicates command
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
instant; moment; for an instant
ghost that appears at sea during a shipwreck; something strange or suspicious; idiot; fool; noh mask for roles involving dead or ghost characters
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
one's line of sight; one's gaze; one's eyes (looking); glance; gaze; look
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to feel; to sense; to experience
to finish; to end; to merely result in something less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
to have one's hands slip (and drop something)
wild; growing wild; living in the wild; (arch.) I
Hassaku orange (Citrus hassaku); 1st of August (lunar calendar)
so; like this; in this way
to be collected; to be gathered (e.g. mushrooms, etc.); to be harvested; to be able to collect; to be able to mine
to be careful; to pay attention; to take care
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
splendid; fine; praiseworthy; creditable; legal; legitimate
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
Sarukanigassen (folktale); The Monkey and the Crab
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
a-ha-ha (laughing loudly)
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal