indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to start; to begin; to challenge; to pick (a fight); to set (traps); to plant (explosives)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
there's no knowing; there's no telling; it's anyone's guess; who knows?
negligence; carelessness; inattention; unpreparedness
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
faint; indistinct; dim; (arch.) few; (arch.) a little
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
together; at the same time; same; identical
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
two persons; two people; pair; couple
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to join forces; to cooperate
to climb over; to get over; to surmount; to overcome; to surpass; to overtake
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
more and more; all the more; at last; finally; (at the) last moment; worst possible time
championship game; finals (of a tournament); deciding round
trouble; hardship; difficulty; anxiety; worry; concern
decision of a contest; finals (in sports)
to win and advance to the next round
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged