indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
staying up late; keeping late hours; sitting up late at night; nighthawk
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
sleepy; drowsy; somnolent
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
what do you want?; can I help you?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
business; task; use; purpose; for the use of ...; used for ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
if (it) doesn't exist; if there is no ...; if not ...; unless ...; have to ...; must ...
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
lovely; wonderful; nice; great; fantastic; superb
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to leave (in someone's keeping); to put (in someone's care); to put (someone) in charge of; to leave (a matter) in someone's hands; to lean on; to put one's weight on
as one would expect; just as you'd expect (from); still; all the same; even ... (e.g. "even a genius")
tradition; legend; folklore
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
soldier; combatant; warrior
wonderful; splendid; magnificent
activity (esp. energetic); great efforts; conspicuous service; to flourish; to participate actively; to play an active role
style; manner; way; after (period of time) again (e.g. meeting again after a year); for the first time in (period of time)
(sound effect for) collapsing; losing strength; slumping; losing balance
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
garden (esp. man-made); orchard; park; place; location
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
in good condition; in fine shape; glib; slick; harmonious; melodious
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
no!; no no!; no, not at all
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
all; entire; whole; altogether
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
five; five years of age; eight o'clock (old time system)
to notice; to become aware; to be scrupulous; to be attentive; to recover consciousness; to come to oneself