neighboring prefectures; nearby prefectures
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
in succession; one by one
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
ferocious; brutal; atrocious; savage; barbarous
bear (any mammal of family Ursidae)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
in the mountains; among the mountains
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to take refuge in; to succeed in running away
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
news; word; tidings; omen
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
anxiety; uneasiness; worry; apprehension; fear; insecurity
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to become stronger; to grow in intensity; to grow violent; to invite contributions, etc.; to solicit help, participation, etc.; to recruit (e.g. soldiers)
devious; cunning; sly; crafty
red; crimson; red-containing colour (e.g. brown, pink, orange); Red (i.e. communist); red light (traffic); red ink (i.e. in finance or proof-reading); (in) the red
helmet (of a warrior); headpiece
invasion; incursion; raid; aggression; intrusion; trespass
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus)
beginning; start; first (in line, etc.); origin; such as ...; not to mention ...
followers; subordinates; being under someone's command
to obey (an order, law, etc.); to abide by (a rule, custom, etc.); to follow (a person); to accompany; to go alongside (e.g. a river); to follow (e.g. a sign)
myself; yourself; I; me; you
circumference; girth; surroundings; neighbourhood; people surrounding oneself; surrounding circumstances
to harden; to freeze; to put together; to collect; to make secure; to stabilize; to fortify
while; even though; despite
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
one (esp. of two); the other; on the one hand; on the other hand; whereas; although
pole; rod; line; dash; spoken monotonously
vice-minister (Meiji period); undersecretary
silver (Ag); silver coin; money; silver medal; silver colour; silver color; bank
two persons; two people; pair; couple
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
to face; to go towards; to head towards
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
riddle; puzzle; enigma; enigmatic; mysterious