chimney sweeping (cleaning)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
in comparison to; rather than
far away; far off; far; long ago; long before
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
severe; strict; hard (to do); difficult; intense (e.g. cold); harsh (weather)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
to be exhausted; to be tired out
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
how can (one) do something
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
cat (esp. the domestic cat, Felis catus); shamisen; geisha; wheelbarrow; clay bed-warmer; bottom; submissive partner of a homosexual relationship
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
that way; that direction; that (one); that person; there; over there