indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to lose (through death) (e.g. wife, child)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
home town; birthplace; native place; (arch.) ruins; (arch.) historic remains
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to face; to go towards; to head towards
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
father; dad; husband; you; he
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
grandfather; male senior-citizen
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
two persons; two people; pair; couple
warm; mild; (pleasantly) hot; considerate; kind; genial
to go out to meet; to receive; to welcome; to accept (e.g. as a member of a group or family); to call for; to summon
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
in that way; thus; so; so?
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
still; much more; (not) yet; still a long way to go; still a long way off; not there yet
kilo-; 1000; kilogram; kilogramme; kilometre; kilometer
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
beyond; across; the other side; the distance
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
possibly; apparently; (seem) likely; somehow or other; with difficulty; barely
to approach; to draw near; to get close; to get acquainted with; to get closer to; to get to know
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
this area; around here; this point; this much; this extent
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
well then ...; in that situation; in which case
preparation; arrangements
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very