indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
beginning; start; first (in line, etc.); origin; such as ...; not to mention ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
that day; the very same day
rain; rainy day; rainy weather; the November suit (in hanafuda)
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
I; me; you; (arch.) manservant
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
heavy; weighty; heavy (feeling); depressed; slow; sluggish; important (position, responsibility, etc.)
to become damp; to become moist; to become wet; to lack energy; to be in a slump; to be in low spirits
(in the) neighbourhood; neighborhood; around; about; for instance; say
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
smell; scent; aura; whiff; faint, mist-like pattern along the temper line of a Japanese sword
to fill; to become full (of); to wax (of the moon); to rise (of the tide); to flow; to expire (of a period of time)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
quiet (place); still; silent; inconspicuously; modestly; quietly
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
rotation; revolution; working (e.g. of one's mind); function; turnover (of goods, funds, etc.); circulation
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
quiet; silent; slow; unhurried; calm; peaceful
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
heat; fever; temperature; zeal; passion
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to lose; to miss (a chance, opportunity); to lose (a loved one); to be bereaved of; to concede (goals, points, etc.)
to continue; to keep up; to keep on; to continue ...; to keep on ...
I'm home!; I'm back!; now; at present; just now; a moment ago
absence; being away from home; house-sitting; house-sitter; neglecting (e.g. one's studies); leaving unattended
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
business; thing to be done; something that should be performed; information that should be conveyed
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
to pick up; to gather; to find (and pick up; something someone has dropped); to select; to choose; to get (unexpectedly); to hit upon (luck, an opportunity, etc.)
cat (esp. the domestic cat, Felis catus); feline; shamisen; geisha; wheelbarrow; clay bed-warmer; bottom (submissive partner of a homosexual relationship)
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
tender; kind; gentle; graceful; affectionate; amiable
lover; sweetheart; boyfriend; girlfriend