previous time; last time; previous installment; previous instalment; previous session
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
considerable; great; important; significant; a big deal
activity (esp. energetic); great efforts; conspicuous service; to flourish; to participate actively; to play an active role
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
activity (of a person, organization, animal, volcano, etc.); action; movie (esp. during the silent movie period)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be lost (e.g. luggage); to be missing; to be used up; to be run out; to disappear (e.g. pain); to be lost (e.g. a dream, confidence)
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
business; trade; operations; sales
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
hot spring; onsen; hot spring resort; hot spring spa
at leisure; in a relaxed manner; in a carefree manner; quietly; peacefully
(a) little; somewhat; somehow
to float; to become merry; to be cheerful; to become loose; to become unsteady; to feel out of it; to be cut off (e.g. from those around you)
live (esp. concert, show, etc.); live performance; alive
to go smoothly; to turn out well; to do the trick; to have peaceful relations
to soar; to fly high; to be whirled up; to make merry; to be ecstatic; to be in high spirits
girl's feeling; maiden's mind
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to keep within limits (e.g. spending); to restrain (e.g. emotions); to control; to hold back (e.g. an enemy); to check; to curb
to cut; to cut through; to sever (connections, ties); to turn off (e.g. the light); to terminate (e.g. a conversation); to hang up (the phone); to punch (a ticket)
prohibition; inhibition; ban
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
dive (e.g. into water); (underwater) diving; dive (of an aircraft)
moreover; furthermore; nevertheless; and yet
exposing fully; uncovering completely; being in full view; putting on display; not disguising
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
ryokan; traditional inn; Japanese-style lodging, usu. professionally-run
racing noisily (in a car, motorcycle, etc.); roaring (e.g. down the street)
tie-up; collaboration; partnership; cooperation
cherry tree; cherry blossom; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder; horse meat
massive failure; debacle; fiasco