indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be needed; to be wanted
interrogative sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
freshly squeezed (juice); freshly milked; freshly extracted
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
delicious; tasty; sweet; attractive; appealing; convenient
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
to come out; to appear; to turn up; to emerge
man; male; masculine gender
regarding; in; to; towards; with regards to
title of honour; title of honor
surname; family name; hereditary title (used in ancient Japan to denote rank and political standing)
(full) name; family name and given name
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry
to use; to make use of; to utilize; to utilise
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to come and stay; to drop in; to visit
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
anyhow; in any case; at any rate; at best; at most
treaty; pact; convention; agreement
to tie; to bind; to bear (fruit); to close (e.g. deal); to confirm; to connect (two distant places); to close tightly
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
Europe and America; the West
method; manner; appearance; air; tendency; folk song (genre of the Shi Jing)
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
to stay indoors; to be confined indoors
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all