indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
large quantity; massive (quantity); mass (e.g. mass production, mass transit, mass destruction)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to take; to catch; to capture
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to be troubled; to have difficulty; to be bothered; to be inconvenienced; to be badly off; to be hard up
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to get tired of; to lose interest in; to be fed up with; to have enough
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
it is, isn't it?; I know, right?; innit?
gyoza; pot sticker; crescent-shaped pan-fried dumplings stuffed with minced pork and vegetables
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
straight (ahead); direct; upright; straightforward; honest; frank
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point