imitation; fake; phony; pseudo-
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
advance notice; previous note; preliminary announcement; trailer (film, TV); preview
form; shape; state; condition; letter; correspondence
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
swan (Cygnus spp.); white-feathered bird
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to steal; to plagiarize; to steal (a technique, idea, etc.); to do stealthily; to do during scant time; to steal a base
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
tail; tael (Chinese unit of mass and currency); tailcoat; tails
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
to catch; to capture; to catch hold of (someone); to stop (e.g. a stranger in the street); towards (someone); at (someone)
genuine article; real thing; real deal
damn; damn it; feces; excrement; damn; damned; very
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to become numb; to go to sleep (e.g. a limb); to get an electric shock; to tingle (from an electric shock); to be excited; to be titillated
safety; security; safely; without incident; good health; inaction
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
sorry; excuse me; thank you
to set free; to let go; to release; to miss (e.g. a chance); to lose; to let get away
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
guard; security (officer); guardsman
all members; all hands; everyone; everybody; whole crew
perhaps; possibly; by some chance; by some possibility
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
not feeling like doing ...; having no mind to ...; being in no mood for ...; indifferent; half-hearted; dispirited
interrogative sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
such; like that; that sort of; very
advice (to a superior); counsel; proposal; suggestion; recommendation
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
Eh?; What?; Come on!; Damn!
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
which way; which direction; which one (esp. of two alternatives); who