how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
tongue; tongue-like object; clapper (of a bell); talon (of a lock)
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
tooth; teeth; tooth (of a comb, saw, etc.); cog; support (of a geta)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
wobbling; tottering; wavering (e.g. over a decision); dithering; boiling up; dizzily
to touch; to feel; to get involved (with); to approach; to be harmful to; to hinder
below; down; bottom; beneath; underneath; just after; right after
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
to grow; to spring up; to sprout; to cut (teeth)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to leave alone; to leave as is; to ignore; to neglect
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
thin rice porridge; watery cooked rice; rice gruel; congee
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
slowly; unhurriedly; easily (e.g. in time); well; well (e.g. sleep); comfortably
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
excellent luck (esp. in fortune-telling)
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
look here; I say; well; I know what; I'll tell you what; just a minute
picture; drawing; painting; image (TV, film, etc.); picture; footage
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
suffix for familiar person
to fall (e.g. blossoms, leaves); to scatter; to be dispersed; to disappear; to dissolve; to spread
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
father; dad; husband; you (of an elderly person older than the speaker); he
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
to differ (from); to be different; to be wrong; to be incorrect; to become abnormal; to go wrong