here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
scarbreast tuskfin (Choerodon azurio)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
Man'yōshū (8th century anthology of Japanese poetry); (arch.) thousands of leaves; (arch.) thousands of years; (arch.) all ages
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
cannabis (Cannabis sativa); hemp (plant); hemp (fiber); linen; flax
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
to drain; to pour; to wash away; to distribute (e.g. electricity over wires, music over a PA system, etc.); to circulate; to cruise (e.g. taxi); to float
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to compose (a Japanese poem); to write; to use as the theme of a poem; to recite (e.g. a poem); to chant; to intone
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
chest; breast; breasts; bosom; heart; lungs; stomach
to burst (open); to break; to split
(emotional) tension; anxiety; (highness of) spirits; (good) mood; tension; tensile strength
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
outline; main points; generally; on the whole; general; rough
your house; your home; your husband; your organization; you
so; therefore; accordingly; consequently; on those grounds; that is why
place that is often written about in waka poetry; oft-repeated descriptive epithets in poetry
circumference; girth; tour; pilgrimage; circulation (e.g. of blood)
to turn toward; to look (up, down, etc.); to face (e.g. east) (of a building, window, etc.); to look out on; to point (of an arrow, compass needle, etc.); to be suited to
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo