indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Heian-kyō; former name of Kyoto, capital city of Japan from 794 to 1869
group; body; party; company; troupe; gang
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
public performance; exhibition in a foreign country
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
(Ogura) Hyakunin Isshu; classical Japanese anthology of one hundred Japanese waka by one hundred poets; hyakunin isshu karuta; hyakunin isshu poetry cards; deck of 200 cards, the 100 waka of the Hyakunin Isshu split between them, to be matched together during the game
original (that was parodied or acted as an inspiration for something else, etc.); source
to be called ...; to be referred to as ...
splendid tanka; splendid waka
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
the Empress, the Empress Dowager and the Grand Empress Dowager; emperor's second consort; empress; palace of the empress; building of a Shinto shrine built on middle ground; demesne of the imperial palace
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
passing away; death; dying words; death poem (poem written during one's final moments)
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to place on (something); to give (someone) a ride; to give a lift; to load (luggage); to carry; to send out (on the airwaves, etc.); to deceive
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
to remove; to take off; to drop (e.g. from a team); to remove (from a position); to leave (e.g. one's seat); to go away from; to dodge (a question, blow, etc.)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
come (on); come now; all right; right; well; hmm
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
Mutsu (former province located in present-day Fukushima, Miyagi, Iwate, and Aomori prefectures)
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)
at the most; at best; to the utmost; as much as possible; as much as one can
to let your hair down; to have fun after a period of work or stress
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become