indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to be surprised; to be astonished
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone
to abandon; to fail; to desert; to forsake
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
now; the present time; just now; another; more
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
mistaking one person for another; (case of) mistaken identity
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
yes?; no?; isn't it?; is it?
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
now (when it is already much too late); at this stage; afresh; anew; again
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is it?; isn't it?; be; is
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
group of companies; combine
representative; representation; delegation; switchboard number; main number
control; management; supervision
role; assignment; position (of responsibility); post; part (in a play, film, etc.); role
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to invite; to ask; to beckon; to wave someone in; to call in; to send for
blue; azure; green; green light (traffic); black (horse coat color); blue 5-point card; immature
island; one's territory (e.g. of a sex worker, organized crime gang); one's turf
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
beginning; start; first (in line, etc.); origin; such as ...; not to mention ...
various; all sorts of; variety of; (arch.) various colors (colours)
to ask; to inquire; to implore (a god for an oracle); to seek direction (from your superior); to visit; to speak to (a large crowd at a theatre, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine