year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
Eurasian continent; Eurasia
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to attack; to assail; to succeed (someone in a post, role, etc.); to make a sudden visit
zhen (one of the trigrams of the I Ching: thunder, east)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
casualties; the killed and wounded
100,000,000; one hundred million
exceedingly; extremely; very many; indeed
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
unprecedented; unheard-of; record-breaking
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
(suffering) damage; injury; harm
to cause; to induce; to bring about; to pull upright; to help up (e.g. a fallen person)
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to finish; to end; to merely result in something less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to borrow; to have a loan; to rent; to hire
notebook; copy-book; note; noting down; (musical) note; laptop (computer)
to pollute; to contaminate; to soil; to disgrace; to dishonour; to dishonor
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to hate; to dislike; to loathe
no sooner than; as soon as; immediately after; at the thought of; when I think about
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
disliked; hated; tendency; smack (of); distinction; discrimination
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)