indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
Vaizman; Weisman; Weissman; Wiesmann; Wiseman
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
to be born again; to make a fresh start in life
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
(picture) frame; framed picture; amount (esp. of money); sum
black; dark; blackish; suspicious; criminal; darkened and dirty; sooty
mark; sign; symbol; emblem; badge; crest
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
small child; pipsqueak; short person; midget; small animal; runt
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
so; like this; in this way
growth; development; growing up; growth (of a company, the economy, etc.)
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
form; shape; figure; visage
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to wake up; to awake; to awaken to (instinct, ability, perception, etc.); to become aware of; to come to one's senses
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
lie; fib; mistake; error; unwise move; bad decision
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
myself; yourself; I; me; you
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
noisy; loud; annoying; troublesome; fussy; finicky
toy; (person or thing treated as a) plaything
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to wake up; to sober up; to come to one's senses; to become enlightened
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
futility; waste; uselessness; pointlessness; idleness
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
this world; this life; world of the living