jpdb beta

indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

17

indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis

14

at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for

7

indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)

7

indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.

6

they; them

6

from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)

3

hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo

3

to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed

3

neck; head; dismissal; discharge

3

ear; hearing; edge; crust; selvedge (non-fray machined edge of fabrics); selvage

3

hero; the brave; man of valour (valor)

3

that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you

2

this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")

2

be; is

2

the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...

2

to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case

2

is not; am not; are not

2

to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come

2

danger; peril; hazard; risk

2

to rely on; to depend on; to count on; to turn to (for help)

2

to grow long (e.g. hair, nails); to lengthen; to extend; to reach out; to hold out; to straighten; to smooth out

2

grass; weed; (arch.) ninja; not genuine; substandard; LOL

2

food; foodstuff; eating; appetite; meal; portion

2

fire; conflagration

2

a long time ago; in those days

2

big fire (buildings, etc. on fire)

2

if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question

1

too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as

1

at; in; at; when; by; with; and then

1

be; is; did; (have) done; please; do

1

to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)

1

that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...

1

to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise

1

in that way; thus; so; so?

1

was; were

1

Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker

1

called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...

1

what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest

1

face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour

1

good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result

1

no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all

1

adds force or indicates command

1

you; dear; honey

1

seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...

1

however; but

1

than; from; out of; except; but; more

1

time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity

1

nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...

1

fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet

1