jpdb beta

indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

17

indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis

14

at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for

7

indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.

6

if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question

1

too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as

1

indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)

7

at; in; at; when; by; with; and then

1

from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)

3

be; is; did; (have) done; please; do

1

to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)

1

hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo

3

to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed

3

that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you

2

this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")

2

be; is

2

that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...

1

to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise

1

the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...

2

in that way; thus; so; so?

1

was; were

1

Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker

1

called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...

1

to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case

2

what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest

1

face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour

1

good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result

1

no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all

1

adds force or indicates command

1

is not; am not; are not

2

to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come

2

you; dear; honey

1

seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...

1

however; but

1

than; from; out of; except; but; more

1

time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity

1

nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...

1

fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet

1

in this way; thus; such; uh...

1

(some) more; even more; longer; further

1

by means of; due to; because of; according to

1

behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)

1

existence; being

1

for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first

1

high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)

1

long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged

1

to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)

1

foot; paw; leg; gait; pace; bottom structural component (i.e. radical) of a kanji; means of transportation

1

to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen

1

to be able (to); to be possible (to)

1