sorry; excuse me; thank you
abruptly; suddenly; all of a sudden; without warning
to summon; to call (e.g. phone); to convene; to invoke (e.g. subroutine); to call; to open (e.g. a file)
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
what do you want?; can I help you?
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly
older brother; elder brother; young man; buddy; fella
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
consultation; discussion; discussing; asking (somebody) for advice
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
present; gift; to give a present or gift
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
any; anything; whatever; I am told; I hear; I understand
to be delighted; to be glad; to congratulate; to gratefully accept
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
in the first place; to begin with; after all; anyway; beginning; start
junior high school student; middle school pupil
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
happy; glad; pleased; joyful; delightful; gratifying
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
detailed; full; minute; knowing very well; knowledgeable (about); well-acquainted (with)
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
well then ...; in that situation; in which case
number one; first; best; most; game; round
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
what?!; what did you say?!; why?; what for?; anyone; anything
myself; yourself; I; me; you
hobby; pastime; tastes; preference; liking
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...