strange; odd; unexpected; change; incident; disturbance
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
name; given name; first name
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
more than most people; more than other people; compared with other people; more than others
a little; some; somewhat; amount; quantity; number
your house; your home; your husband; your organization; you
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
pupil in ... year; student in ... year
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
achievement; meritorious deed; distinguished service; contribution
to stray from the right path; to go wrong; to go off the rails; to turn delinquent
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
younger brother; little brother; brother-in-law (spouse's younger brother or younger sister's husband); (arch.) pupil; (arch.) apprentice
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to rescue from; to help out of; to save
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
living with one's parents; living at home
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
pocket money; spending money; pin money; allowance
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
provision; supply; payment; allowance; grant
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
having enough of (food, drink, etc.); having one's fill; fully enjoying
super-; ultra-; extremely; really; over; more than
enjoyment; pleasure; diversion; anticipation; looking forward to
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
foreign; abroad; overseas
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
aeroplane; airplane; aircraft
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
though; although; be that as it may; nonetheless
(not) ever; (not) by any means; (not) in the least; (not) in any way; (not) at all