indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to aim at (for, to do, to become); to try for; to have an eye on; to go toward; to head for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
all-Japan; all-Japan championships; (Japanese) national championships
new face; newcomer; rookie; modern humans (from Cro-Magnon man onwards)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
(stage) appearance; performance; participation (e.g. in a tournament)
black; black go stone; guilt; guilty person
eagle (Accipitridae family)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
bang; bam; noontime signal gun (carried out early Meiji to Taishō); noon gun; last round in a game of 12 rounds; precisely
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
white heat; incandescence; becoming excited; getting heated (e.g. of a discussion); reaching a climax
development; evolution; expansion; spreading out; expansion (of an algebraic expression); development (of a three-dimensional shape)
hindrance; obstacle; to visit (someone's home); demon who hinders Buddhist training; demon who obstructs sentient beings from maintaining moral behaviour
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
underground; below the ground; world of the dead; the grave; underground (activities, movement, etc.); secret
deep; profound; dense; thick; close (relationship); intense; strong
revival (e.g. musical); come-back; restoration; rebirth; resurrection
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
faithful; devoted; loyal; honest; true
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
servant; manservant; menial
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
now; the present time; just now; another; more
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
to awake from one's sleep
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
again; once more; a second time
domination; rule; direction; management; control (e.g. over one's emotions); determining (e.g. one's fate)
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)