honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
(present) head of a family
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
moon; Tsukuyomi (god of the Moon in Shinto and mythology)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
the other day; a few days ago
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
surface; face (i.e. the visible side of an object); front (of a building, etc.); obverse side (i.e. "head") of a coin; outside; exterior; appearance
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be lost (e.g. luggage); to be missing; to be used up; to be run out; to disappear (e.g. pain); to be lost (e.g. a dream, confidence)
sometimes; occasionally; at times; seasonal; of the season; appropriate (for the season or occasion)
television; TV; TV program; TV programme; TV broadcast
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
to gnaw; to nibble; to bite; to dabble in; to have a smattering of
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to work; to labor; to function; to operate; to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
all day long; all the day; throughout the day
thundering; purring; something large and heavy starting to roll; scattered about; common; idleness; idling about
given that ... it is only natural that ...; ... being the case, it is unavoidable that ...; (precisely) because ...; contrary to expectations ...
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
one day; all day (long); throughout the day; first day of the month
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to taste; to eat; to drink; to speak (of); to refer (to); to say
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
variety; kind; type; counter for kinds, species, etc.
counter for occurrences; a time; an instance; inning (baseball); round; episode; chapter
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
unmeasurable; impossible to measure
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence