indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
name; given name; first name
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
belonging to (a group, organization, etc.); affiliation (with); being attached to; being under the control of; serving (in the military, congress, etc.)
junior high school; middle school; lower secondary school
second-year student; second-year pupil; biennial; biennial plant
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
roll (e.g. of cloth); winding (e.g. watch); volume (of book); speeding up; heel (of a Japanese sandal)
in the same way; like; likewise; similarly
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
dream; dream; hope; unrealistic aspiration; daydream; delusion
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well ...; I think ...
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
strange; odd; unexpected; change; incident; disturbance
picture; drawing; painting; image (TV, film, etc.); picture; footage
to draw; to paint; to depict; to describe; to picture in one's mind; to imagine
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
discourtesy; impoliteness; excuse me; goodbye; to leave; to be rude
I; me; you; (arch.) manservant
(public) notice; attention; public eye; public gaze
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
best; supreme; wonderful; highest; maximum; most
second; secondary; quadratic (function, equation, etc.); second-order; fictional (in relation to anime, manga, etc.); drawn
(one's) ex-wife; (one's) former wife
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to delineate; to draw; to express; to imagine
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
hobby; pastime; tastes; preference; liking
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
to like; to be pleased with; to be delighted with; to take a liking to; to suit one's fancy
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm