indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to sleep; to die; to rest (in peace); to lie idle (e.g. of resources); to lie unused; (arch.) to close one's eyes
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to weave together; to interweave; to intermingle
-ian (e.g. Italian); -ite (e.g. Tokyoite); -er (e.g. performer, etc.); person working with ...; man; person
food; foodstuff; eating; appetite; meal; portion
rainbow-colored; rainbow-coloured
nectar; honey; honeydew; treacle; molasses; sorbitol (when visible as dark patches inside an apple)
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
to be needed; to be wanted
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
eternity; permanence; perpetuity; Eikyū era (1113.7.13-1118.4.3)
to be separated; to be apart; to leave; to go away; to leave (a job, etc.); to quit
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
half the body; half length
now; the present time; just now; another; more
tear; tears; lachrymal secretion; sympathy
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to hold in one's arms (e.g. a baby); to embrace; to have sex with; to make love to; to sit on (eggs); to brood
together; jointly; at the same time; with; both
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
to wait for a favorable chance; to wait for a favourable chance
penalty; sentence; punishment
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
July; seventh month of the lunar calendar
twentieth day of the month; twenty days
moustache; beard; whiskers (on a cat, etc.); feelers (on an insect, etc.); shadow (on a candlestick chart)
public square; square; plaza; open space; clearing