J; j; Japan; joule; jack; tatami mat (as a measure of room size, either 1.82 sqm or 1.54 sqm); J.League
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
contacting; (making) contact; connection (with a train, bus, etc.); joining (a railway line, etc.); connection (between matters, incidents, etc.); relation
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
-ness; indicates assertion; come (on); come now; er; um; indicates scrutiny, critique or mistrust
fast; quick; early; soon; premature; too soon
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
theme; topic; subject matter; motif; project; slogan
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
Eh?; What?; Come on!; Damn!
next (e.g. "next April"); forthcoming; coming; to come; to arrive; to be due to
by the way; incidentally; sometimes; occasionally; precisely (at that time); exactly
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to be in a hurry; to be impatient; to be anxious (to do); to get a fright; to panic; to get flustered
yikes; oops; eep; wow; aargh
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
same; identical; equal; anyway; in any case; if one must ...
so; therefore; accordingly; consequently; on those grounds; that is why
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well ...; I think ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
hello; good day; good afternoon
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
time; hour; period; class
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
young; youthful; immature; green; low (number); small
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)