having refined and distinguished features; having a bright face
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
stagnant water; still water; water stopping
countryside; country; 50-home township (comprised of 2-3 neighbourhoods)
head; chief; merit; strong point; superiority; major
ascending and descending; going up and down
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
in addition; furthermore; above (which); on top of (which)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
review (of learned material); revision
decision; determination; resolution
succession; accession; inheritance
plot of land; lot; soil; locality; region; place
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
hometown; rural township (of China)
to face; to go towards; to head towards
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
sum; harmony; peace; Japan; Japanese-style
state (US, Australia, India, Germany, etc.); province (e.g. Canada); continent; (arch.) dear
evil; wickedness; (role of) the villain (in theatre, etc.); the bad guy
government official; public official
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to do together; to share; to participate in
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
imperial seal; privy seal
certain; sure; doubtless; I have no doubt; You can depend on it; It's a safe bet
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...