country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to aim at (for, to do, to become); to try for; to have an eye on; to go toward; to head for
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
having refined and distinguished features; having a bright face
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
boy; juvenile; young boy; youth; lad
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
cold (to the touch); chilly; icy; (emotionally) cold; coldhearted; unfeeling
to be hit; to strike; to touch; to be in contact; to be equivalent to; to be applicable; to be right on the money (of a prediction, criticism, etc.)
to repeat; to be frequent
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
(poor) treatment; (bad) behavior; behaviour; action; act
to bear; to stand; to support; to withstand; to be fit for; to be equal to
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
treasure; treasured item; prized possession
flight; running away; absconding; elopement
state (US, Australia, India, Germany, etc.); province (e.g. Canada); continent; (arch.) dear
hard; solid; stiff; tight; strong; firm (not viscous or easily moved); safe
to fall over; to fall down; to fall; to flop (e.g. of a play); to be a flop
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
old person; senior citizen; the aged; the elderly
to visit; to call on; to pay a visit to
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
making frequent appearances; appearing often; appearing and disappearing
ruin; destruction; devastation; waste; decay
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to make someone realize (e.g. their mistake); to bring (something) home to someone; to teach someone a lesson
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
honorific/polite/humble prefix
study; diligence; discount; reduction
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me