once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time
Shangdi (supreme deity in ancient Chinese religion); God; Shakra (king of heaven in Hindu mythology); Indra
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone
to destroy; to overthrow; to wreck; to ruin
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
centre; center; middle; capital; seat of government
Japanese mugwort (Artemisia princeps); mugwort (any plant of genus Artemisia); wormwood; sagebrush
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
to distribute; to arrange; to arrange; to lay out (as in decorating); (arch.) to marry off; (arch.) to exile
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to run along; to run beside; to follow (a policy, plan, etc.); to act in accordance with; to meet (wishes, expectations, etc.); to satisfy
to build up; to establish; to form; to become (a state); to accomplish; to achieve; to change into
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
the path that one should follow as a human being; the path of benevolence
giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis); qilin (Chinese unicorn)
to send; to dispatch; to despatch; to bestow (favour, etc.); to grant (e.g. pardon)
this world; this life; world of the living
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
wild goose; glans; head of a penis
rule; reign; peaceful times
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
to boast of; to be proud of; to take pride in
large country; major nation; great power; province of the highest rank (ritsuryo system)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
that is to say; that is; in short; in brief; clogging; obstruction; shrinkage
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
phala (attained state, result); enlightenment (as the fruits of one's Buddhist practice); fruit; counter for pieces of fruit