indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
spell; charm; incantation; magic words
from the standpoint of; from the viewpoint of; on; above; the best; top
tightly (holding on); firmly; strongly (built); solidly; properly; well
please (give me); please (do for me)
how (beautiful, tasty, etc.); what a ...; nothing worth mentioning; nothing special; of what name
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
increasingly; more and more; decreasingly; less and less
to weaken; to grow weak; to be downcast; to be dejected; to be troubled; to be at a loss
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
to wake up; to sober up; to come to one's senses; to become enlightened
curse; spell; malediction
terrible; dreadful; terrifying; surprising; startling; tremendous
to be flustered; to lose one's presence of mind
to sleep; to die; to rest (in peace); to lie idle (e.g. of resources); to lie unused; (arch.) to close one's eyes
this world; this life; world of the living
end; ending; close; end of (one's) life; death
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to curse; to put a curse on; to detest intensely
huh?; eh?; what?; oh; hey!; look!
Her Majesty the Queen; mistress (in S&M); dominatrix
knock; knocking; fungo hitting; hitting balls for fielding practice; tap; click (e.g. of a retractable pen or mechanical pencil)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
grandmother; old woman; female senior citizen
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
apple (fruit); apple tree (Malus pumila)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
desire; wish; request; entreaty; prayer; (written) application
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as