indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
don't you think?; indicates question
painful; sore; cringy; embarrassing; exceeding
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
to reach; to touch; to be delivered; to arrive; to be attentive; to be scrupulous
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
loveable; very likeable; like very much
honorific/polite/humble prefix
Western-style clothes (cf. traditional Japanese clothes)
make-up; makeup; cosmetics
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
standard; set; routine; decided
to wind; to coil; to envelope; to shroud; to outflank; to skirt
about to start out; just about to leave or go out; outing; trip
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
parasol (esp. one carried in the hand); sunshade
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
small point; knob; protuberance; aloneness; loneliness; solitude
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
to be born; to come into the world
calculating; sly; cunning; flirty; flirtatious
to weigh on one's mind; to bother one; to be interested (in); to be curious (about); to feel like (doing); to feel inclined to
effort; exertion; endeavour; endeavor; hard work; striving
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
precious; valuable; priceless; noble; exalted; sacred
woman's level of motivation in fashion, makeup, taste in clothes, etc.; femininity
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
to feel irritated; to feel offended; to feel angry; to feel sick; to feel nauseous
mess; sorry state; -ways; -wards; in the act of ...; just as one is ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to