indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
(some) more; even more; longer; further
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
below; down; bottom; beneath; underneath; just after; right after
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
two persons; two people; pair; couple
other (place, thing, person); the rest; outside; beyond; nothing except; nothing but
funny; amusing; strange; odd; improper; unsuitable
he; she; this; this one; Hey, you!; You bastard!
role; assignment; position (of responsibility); post; part (in a play, film, etc.); role
to decrease (in size or number); to diminish; to abate
it is, isn't it?; I know, right?; innit?