indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
now; the present time; just now; another; more
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
study; diligence; discount; reduction
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
South Korea; Republic of Korea; Korean Empire (1897-1910)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
(non-documentary) television series; TV drama; teledrama; drama; dramatic incident; spectacle
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
chance; start; cue; excuse; motive; impetus
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
how; in what way; how about
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
for example; for instance; e.g.
animation; animated film; animated cartoon; anime
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
cartoon; comic; comic strip; manga
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
interest (in something); curiosity (about something); zest (for)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
Japanese person; Japanese people
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing