this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
bag; satchel; briefcase; basket
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
black; dark; blackish; suspicious; criminal; darkened and dirty; sooty
red; crimson; red-containing colour (e.g. brown, pink, orange); Red (i.e. communist); red light (traffic); red ink (i.e. in finance or proof-reading); (in) the red
to be (in contrast to something that is not the case)
blue; azure; green; green light (traffic); black (horse coat color); blue 5-point card; immature
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to also be (implies that as well as the earlier stated this is also the case); to be ... or something
small; little; slight; below average (in degree, amount, etc.); low (e.g. sound); soft (e.g. voice)
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
string; cord; man who is financially dependent on a woman; gigolo; restrictions; conditions
to be lucky; to be in luck; to be attached; to have; to be included
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
neck; head; dismissal; discharge
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
till; to; concerning (an area of expertise); swearing by (one's sword, God, etc.)
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to open (for business, etc.); to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
zip fastener; zipper; zip; chuck (device for holding a workpiece in a lathe or a tool in a drill)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
card (information, filing, etc.); card (greetings, congratulations, etc.); (Western) playing cards; credit card; debit card; match; game
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
shopping; purchased goods
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
key; lock; key (to a problem); clue