indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
with the exception of; excepting; excluding
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
family; members of a family
all; entire; whole; altogether
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
all members; all hands; everyone; everybody; whole crew
how much; something over; and something; however (much); no matter how
flavor; flavour; charm; appeal; experience; taste (e.g. of victory)
introduction; presentation; referral; listing