indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
tea (usu. green); tea break (at work); tea ceremony
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
direction; way; person; lady; method of; manner of; care of ...
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
China; Chūgoku region (western part of Honshu comprising the prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Tottori and Shimane); central part of a country; main region; province of the second lowest rank (ritsuryo system)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
tearoom; tea house; tea-ceremony room; tea arbour; tea arbor
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
to reach the point that; to come to be that; to turn into
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
tool; implement; means; furniture
to take home; to carry home; to bring back home; to take out (e.g. food)
century; era; of the century (e.g. fight of the century)
Buddhist priest; monk; son (of others)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)