if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
grandfather; male senior-citizen
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
grandmother; old woman; female senior citizen
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
tender; kind; gentle; graceful; affectionate; amiable
malicious; ill-tempered; unkind
white; innocence; innocent person; blank space; white go stone; white dragon tile; skewered grilled pig intestine
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to get angry; to get mad; to tell someone off; to scold; to be angular; to be square
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber
to come out; to appear; to turn up; to emerge
field (for fruits, vegetables, etc.); cultivated land; field (of specialization); sphere; womb; birth
lord; nobleman; daimyō; dignitary; master
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
river; stream; River; the ... river
two persons; two people; pair; couple
dog (Canis (lupus) familiaris); squealer; rat; loser; asshole; counterfeit
cherry tree; cherry blossom; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder; horse meat
to bark; to howl; to howl (e.g. of the wind); to roar; to yell; to cry
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
state; state of affairs; appearance; look; sign; indication
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
to live (of humans); to reside; to inhabit; to dwell; to abide
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
sad; miserable; unhappy; sad; lamentable; deplorable
imitating; copying; mimicry; behavior; behaviour; action
earth; soil; the earth (historically, esp. as opposed to the heavens); the ground; low-quality torinoko-gami (containing mud); (period of) refraining from construction in the direction of the god of the earth (in Onmyōdō)
to dig; to excavate; to delve into; to dig up (e.g. vegetables); (for two men) to have anal sex
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing